Emira leads the property sector’s response to tackling invasive bug infestation in Johannesburg
It’s not the beetle: it’s who it hangs out with that’s the trouble. And now the party is getting out of control, so much so that South Africa’s urban forests are under threat.
In 2017, the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus) – or PSHB – was detected for the first time on London plane trees in the KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Gardens, in Pietermaritzburg.
Since then, evidence of the beetle’s presence has been found in 151 species within the country, and the invasive little borer from Southeast Asia has spread all the way to Johannesburg, bringing with it a picnic of its favourite fungi.
And this is the real problem.
As they bore into the wood, the beetle relies on the fungus (Fusarium euwallaceae) to feed its adults and larvae. It is this fungus that slowly kills the tree, not the bug itself – the fungus grows along the beetle’s tunnels, blocking the tree’s vascular system, causing the dieback of the terminal branches and leaves, and eventually the death of the entire tree.
The advancing beetles have also been noted in Durban, Richard’s Bay, Pietermaritzburg, George, Knysna, and Hartswater.
However it is Johannesburg, with its dense urban forest that has been hit particularly hard.
To date, there had been no single successful treatment of the infestation: a heavily infected tree needed to be urgently treated or removed, as the contagion easily spreads. But now Johannesburg is hitting back hard too, thanks to a pioneering partnership between Emira Property Fund and the newly-formed Beetle Busters, who have successfully registered a ground-breaking treatment for the infestation.
During the upgrade of Emira’s Hyde Park Lane Office Park, it became apparent that the attractive wooded grounds were heavily infected with the shot hole borer. One infected tree can contain over 100 000 beetles, and the females can fly up to 1km, although most beetles only fly to the surrounding trees.
Our initial concern was that we would have to fell all of the infected trees in the park, which would substantially change the environment of the office park. Fortunately, we were introduced to Beetle Busters, who are partnering with Emira and using Hyde Park as a test case for the treatment and eradication of the borer – hopefully saving most of the trees in the park.
Justin Bowen,Senior Development Manager at Emira Property Fund
Historically, the treatment for PSHB has been to poison the beetle itself, but this often proves toxic to the host tree. Beetle Busters’ new treatment targets the fungus instead, technically starving the beetle while killing the fungus before it can kill the tree.
If successful, this will be a ground-breaking intervention for South Africa, which could arrest the nationwide infestation and save our trees. The treatment at Hyde Park Office Park has been completed and we hope to be able to confirm the results as we move into spring and the trees start their re-growth cycle.
Tim Conradie, of Beetle Busters.
Emira is exceptionally proud to be part of this ground-breaking test case and cannot wait to see the results in the coming months. We really are hoping that this will be the ‘silver bullet’ that we need to keep our treed cities.
Geoff Jennett, CEO of Emira Property Fund
Justin Bowen adds: “The response continues Emira’s environmental leadership in SA’s property sector. Emira was the first company in Africa to have our Science-Based Carbon Reduction Targets approved by the SBTi. The country’s trees are one of the largest carbon sinks that SA has as a weapon to combat climate change, and we are hoping that our pilot will be the first of many successful treatments to eradicate the devastation that the shot hole borer is having on our urban forests.”